What is the PSAT?
Understanding the Preliminary SAT and why it matters for your future
PSAT Quick Facts
The PSAT (Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test) is a standardized test that serves two main purposes: practice for the SAT and qualification for the National Merit Scholarship Program. Only your junior year score counts for National Merit.
Test Format and Content
Reading and Writing
Score Range: 160-760
Time: 64 minutes
Content: Reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary in context, rhetoric, and analysis of texts from literature, history, science, and social studies.
Math
Score Range: 160-760
Time: 70 minutes
Content: Algebra, problem-solving, data analysis, advanced math topics. Calculator allowed for some sections, not allowed for others.
Total Score
Score Range: 320-1520
Total Time: 2 hours 14 minutes
Format: All digital, adaptive testing (questions adjust to your performance)
The Selection Index
The Selection Index is the most important score for National Merit qualification. It ranges from 48 to 228.
Selection Index = (Reading/Writing Score × 2 + Math Score) ÷ 10
Example: If you score 720 Reading/Writing and 730 Math:
(720 × 2 + 730) ÷ 10 = 217 Selection Index
When to Take the PSAT
The PSAT is offered once per year in October. While you can take it in 10th grade for practice, only your junior year (11th grade) score counts for National Merit Scholarship consideration.
Sophomore Year (Optional)
Taking the PSAT in 10th grade provides valuable practice and helps identify areas for improvement. Your score does NOT count for National Merit, but it's excellent preparation.
Junior Year (CRITICAL)
This is your ONE chance to qualify for National Merit. The October PSAT in your junior year is the ONLY test that counts. There are no retakes or alternate dates for National Merit qualification.
Why the PSAT Matters
National Merit Scholarship Program
The PSAT serves as the qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship Program, one of the most prestigious academic recognition programs in the United States. High scorers can earn:
- National Merit Semifinalist recognition (top 1% nationally)
- National Merit Finalist status (top 0.5% nationally)
- Scholarship opportunities worth up to $200,000+
- Significant advantages in college admissions
SAT Practice
The PSAT is nearly identical to the SAT in format and question types. Taking the PSAT gives you:
- Real testing experience in a standardized environment
- Detailed score reports showing strengths and weaknesses
- Personalized Khan Academy study recommendations
- Practice with the digital testing format
Digital PSAT Format
As of 2023, the PSAT is entirely digital. Key features include:
Adaptive Testing
The test adapts to your performance. If you do well on the first module, the second module will have harder questions (allowing for higher scores).
Shorter Test
The digital PSAT is about 45 minutes shorter than the old paper version, reducing test fatigue while maintaining rigorous assessment.
Built-in Tools
Includes digital calculator, mark for review function, countdown timer, and reference sheet for math formulas.
Score Reporting
PSAT scores are typically available in December (about 6-8 weeks after the October test date). Your score report includes:
- Total score (320-1520)
- Section scores (Reading/Writing and Math)
- Selection Index for National Merit
- Subscores showing performance in specific skill areas
- Percentiles comparing you to other test-takers
- Personalized insights and study recommendations
Next Steps
Ready to learn more? Explore these resources: